The strange history of Madame Tussauds

After her father died in the Seven Years’ War, Marie’s mother took work as a housekeeper for a Swiss physician named Philippe Curtius. Curtius had a peculiar hobby (and side hustle): making anatomical wax models, which he soon evolved into lifelike portraits of real people. Under his mentorship, young Marie learned the intricate, fiddly art of wax sculpting – talk about a unique childhood education. 

By age 17, she’d created her first full wax figure of the Enlightenment thinker Voltaire. Imagine being a teenager and casually sculpting one of the greatest minds in history out of hot wax. Casual.

Instead of royal commissions, Marie was ordered to make death masks – plaster impressions taken from the heads of freshly executed nobles. (Kinda creepy if you ask me.) Her subjects included none other than King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and Robespierre. These grim relics were paraded through the streets as revolutionary propaganda. Macabre as it sounds, these masks helped her survive during a chaotic and dangerous time. 

In fact, Marie was arrested during the Reign of Terror and came frighteningly close to death herself. Her head was even shaved in preparation for the guillotine – a chilling moment immortalised today in the Chamber of Horrors at the London attraction.

For over 30 years, she toured Britain, taking her collection of royals, philosophers, and revolutionaries from town to town in what was essentially the 19th-century version of a pop-up experience. These exhibitions drew huge crowds – it turns out people were just as fascinated by lifelike figures of famous people back then as we are now, even though they couldn’t take selfies with them! 

Eventually, in 1835, Madame Tussaud found a permanent home for her growing collection: a museum on Baker Street in London. It was here that the famous Chamber of Horrors was introduced, featuring the grisliest figures from her time in revolutionary France, now updated with some of Britain’s most notorious killers.  

The morbid, the majestic, and the marvellously lifelike – this was the recipe for the world’s most successful wax museum. 

The process is, unsurprisingly, pretty painstaking. Today, each figure takes a team of artists around six months to complete. It starts with hundreds of photographs and dozens of precise body measurements (often taken in person if the celebrity is willing to sit for them). Sculptors then create a clay model, which is used to make a wax mould. 

Real human hair is inserted strand by strand (yes, every single strand) and eyes are custom-made to match the exact shade of the subject’s iris. Even things like freckles, veins, and skin pores are painted by hand. Each figure can cost up to £250,000 to produce. 

Walking through the modern attraction, it’s easy to forget you’re in a museum with 250 years of history behind it – but once you know the story, it definitely adds an extra layer of appreciation to the craftsmanship.

Not to mention seeing figures of world leaders, sports legends, and pop culture icons all in one place really makes you realise that this place isn’t just a museum – it’s a constantly evolving time capsule of global fame. I know, kinda deep.

But there’s still something uniquely special about the original London location. When you walk through those doors, you’re not just entering a hall of celebrities – you’re stepping into the strange, brilliant mind of a woman who survived war, scandal, and execution… and made it all into art. 

So next time you find yourself posing next to Beyoncé, take a moment to raise an eyebrow (and your camera) to the woman who started it all – with a lot of wax and even more nerve.